Civil Engineering covers a wide range of disciplines that work together to design, build, and maintain the world’s infrastructure. The major fields include:

 

 

Structural Engineering – Focuses on the design and analysis of buildings, bridges, towers, and other structures to ensure safety, stability, and strength.

 

Geotechnical Engineering – Deals with soil and rock behavior, foundation design, and earth-retaining structures, ensuring stability from the ground up.

 

Transportation Engineering – Involves planning, design, and maintenance of roads, highways, railways, airports, and traffic systems for safe and efficient movement.

 

Environmental Engineering – Focuses on protecting the environment by managing water, air, and waste systems, promoting sustainable development.

 

Water Resources Engineering – Manages the collection, storage, and distribution of water through dams, canals, drainage, and flood control systems.

 

Construction Engineering and Management – Ensures successful project execution through proper planning, scheduling, and cost control of construction activities.

 

Urban and Regional Planning – Involves designing and developing sustainable cities, towns, and communities with proper infrastructure and land use.

 

Surveying and Geomatics Engineering – Uses advanced tools and technologies to measure, map, and analyze land for construction and design purposes.

 

Materials Engineering – Studies construction materials like concrete, steel, and bitumen to improve strength, durability, and sustainability of structures.

 

 

 

Tests In civil Engineering

 

Brick / Paving Blocks / Tiles (ইট / পেভিং ব্লক / টাইলস)

Testing of bricks and paving blocks ensures quality, durability, and suitability for construction. The following tests are commonly performed:

 

1. Absorption Capacity (A.C) — শোষণ ক্ষমতা

Measures the percentage of water absorbed by the brick after immersion.


Purpose: Ensures that bricks are not overly porous, which could lead to reduced strength and durability.

 

 

2. Crushing Strength — ক্রাশিং স্ট্রেংথ

Determines the load a brick can withstand before failure.


Purpose: Indicates the compressive strength and structural performance of the material.

 

 

3. Efflorescence — ইফ্লোরেসেন্স

Checks for white salt deposits on the surface of bricks after drying.


Purpose: Identifies the presence of soluble salts that can affect appearance and durability.

 

 

4. Size and Shape — আকার ও আকৃতি

Compares the dimensions and uniformity of bricks with standard specifications.


Purpose: Ensures proper fitting and appearance during masonry work.

 

 

5. Unit Weight — একক ওজন / ঘনত্ব

Measures the mass per unit volume of the brick.


Purpose: Helps in calculating dead load and overall density of masonry.

 

 

6. T-Test / Field Test — টি-পরীক্ষা / মাঠ পরীক্ষা

Simple on-site checks for soundness, color, shape, and strength.


Purpose: Provides a quick assessment of brick quality at the construction site.

 

 

7. Bending Test — বেন্ডিং টেস্ট

Evaluates the flexural strength of tiles or blocks.


Purpose: Ensures they can resist bending or cracking under applied loads.

 

 

 

 

Rod / Bolt / Flat Bar (রড / বোল্ট / ফ্ল্যাট বার)

Steel materials such as rods, bolts, and bars are tested to ensure their strength, flexibility, and resistance to failure.

 

1. Tension Test (Including Diameter and Elongation) — টেনসাইল স্ট্রেংথ (ডায়া ও ইলংগেশন সহ)

Determines the tensile strength, yield stress, and elongation before breaking.


Purpose: Ensures ductility and load-bearing capacity of reinforcement steel.

 

 

2. Bend and Re-bend Test — বেন্ড ও রি-বেন্ড পরীক্ষা

Tests the ability of steel bars to bend and return to their original position without cracking.


Purpose: Ensures flexibility and workability during construction.

 

 

3. Unit Weight — একক ওজন / ঘনত্ব

Measures the mass per meter length of steel bars.


Purpose: Confirms uniform size and material consistency.

 

 

4. Shear Test — শিয়ার পরীক্ষা

Determines resistance against shear forces.


Purpose: Evaluates performance in joints and connections.

 

 

5. Impact and Hardness (Rockwell) — ইমপ্যাক্ট ও কঠিনতা (রকওয়েল)

Tests resistance to sudden impact and surface hardness.


Purpose: Ensures the steel can withstand dynamic loads and wear.

 

 

6. Stress-Strain Curve — স্ট্রেস-স্ট্রেন কার্ভ

Plots the relationship between applied stress and resulting strain.


Purpose: Describes material behavior under load, identifying elastic and plastic regions.

 

 

7. Spring Test — স্প্রিং পরীক্ষা

Checks elasticity and resilience of spring steel.


Purpose: Ensures proper performance in mechanical components.

 

 

8. Tension Test (Wier, Eyehooks, Anchor Bolts, Nut Bolts) — টেনশন পরীক্ষা (ওয়ার, আইহুক, অ্যাঙ্কর বোল্ট, নাট বোল্ট)

Assesses tensile performance of mechanical fasteners.


Purpose: Ensures secure and durable connections in structures.

 

 

9. Angle / Flat Bar — অ্যাঙ্গেল / ফ্ল্যাট বার

Tests the shape, dimension, and mechanical strength of steel sections.


Purpose: Ensures stability and strength for use in structural frameworks.

 

 

10. Bearing Capacity of Pipe — পাইপ এর ভারবহন ক্ষমতা / বিয়ারিং ক্যাপাসিটি

Determines how much load a pipe can safely support.


Purpose: Ensures durability and safety in underground or structural applications.