Civil Engineering covers a wide range of disciplines that work together to design, build, and maintain the world’s infrastructure. The major fields include:

 

 

Structural Engineering – Focuses on the design and analysis of buildings, bridges, towers, and other structures to ensure safety, stability, and strength.

 

Geotechnical Engineering – Deals with soil and rock behavior, foundation design, and earth-retaining structures, ensuring stability from the ground up.

 

Transportation Engineering – Involves planning, design, and maintenance of roads, highways, railways, airports, and traffic systems for safe and efficient movement.

 

Environmental Engineering – Focuses on protecting the environment by managing water, air, and waste systems, promoting sustainable development.

 

Water Resources Engineering – Manages the collection, storage, and distribution of water through dams, canals, drainage, and flood control systems.

 

Construction Engineering and Management – Ensures successful project execution through proper planning, scheduling, and cost control of construction activities.

 

Urban and Regional Planning – Involves designing and developing sustainable cities, towns, and communities with proper infrastructure and land use.

 

Surveying and Geomatics Engineering – Uses advanced tools and technologies to measure, map, and analyze land for construction and design purposes.

 

Materials Engineering – Studies construction materials like concrete, steel, and bitumen to improve strength, durability, and sustainability of structures.

 

 

 

Tests In civil Engineering

Cement and Concrete (সিমেন্ট ও কংক্রিট)

ASTM / AASHTO / EN Standard Tests

Cement and concrete are the backbone materials of all modern construction. To ensure quality, strength, and durability, a variety of standard laboratory and field tests are performed. Below are the major tests and their purposes:

 

 

1. Compressive Strength of Cement (কম্প্রেসিভ স্ট্রেংথ)

Measures the ability of cement to withstand compressive loads.


Purpose: Determines the quality and grade of cement, ensuring it can provide adequate structural strength.

 

 

2. Density / Specific Gravity (ঘনত্ব / আপেক্ষিক গুরত্ব)

Determines the mass of cement relative to the same volume of water.


Purpose: Helps in mix design and identifies changes in composition or impurities in cement.

 

 

3. Fineness (Blaine Method) (ফাইননেস – ব্লেইন পদ্ধতি)

Measures how fine the cement particles are ground.

 

Purpose: Finer cement increases hydration rate and early strength but may reduce workability if too fine.

 

 

4. Normal Consistency and Setting Time (নরমাল কনসিস্টেন্সি ও সেটিং টাইম)

Checks the amount of water needed for proper cement paste and determines initial and final setting times.


Purpose: Ensures workability during construction and appropriate hardening time.

 

 

5. Soundness (সাউন্ডনেস)

Assesses the ability of cement to retain its volume after setting without cracking or disintegrating.


Purpose: Prevents expansion due to excess lime or magnesia, ensuring dimensional stability.

 

 

6. Compressive Strength of Grouting Cement (Casting and Testing) (গ্রাউটিং সিমেন্টের কম্প্রেসিভ শক্তিক্ষমতা)

Evaluates the strength of cement used in grouting works.


Purpose: Ensures grouting material can resist pressure and fill voids effectively in structures.

 

 

7. Design of Concrete Mix (ACI/BS) with/without Admixture (কংক্রিট মিশ্রণ ডিজাইন – অ্যাডমিক্সচার সহ বা ছাড়া)

Determines the proportion of cement, water, and aggregates for a desired strength and workability.


Purpose: Achieves economical and durable concrete based on design standards.

 

 

8. Compressive Strength of Concrete Cylinders and Cubes (কংক্রিট সিলিন্ডার ও কিউবের কম্প্রেসিভ স্ট্রেংথ)

Tests concrete specimens under compressive loads.


Purpose: Confirms that concrete meets design strength requirements.

 

 

9. Core Cutting and Testing (with Scanning) (কোর কাটিং ও পরীক্ষা – স্ক্যানিং সহ)

Extracts cylindrical concrete samples from existing structures for testing.


Purpose: Evaluates in-situ strength and detects internal defects using scanning.

 

10. Split Cylinder Test (স্প্লিট সিলিন্ডার)

Measures tensile strength of concrete indirectly by splitting a cylindrical specimen.


Purpose: Determines resistance to cracking and tension forces.

 

 

11. Concrete Beam in Flexure (কংক্রিট বিমের ফ্লেক্সার / বেন্ডিং পরীক্ষা)

Tests the bending strength or modulus of rupture of concrete beams.


Purpose: Assesses concrete’s ability to resist bending and tensile stresses.

 

 

12. Rebound Impact Hammer Test (রিবাউন্ড ইমপ্যাক্ট হ্যামার)

A non-destructive test using a spring-loaded hammer to assess surface hardness.


Purpose: Estimates the compressive strength of concrete without damaging it.

 

 

13. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) (আল্ট্রাসোনিক পালস ভেলোসিটি)

Uses ultrasonic waves to detect internal flaws or cracks in concrete.


Purpose: Evaluates homogeneity, quality, and structural integrity of concrete.

 

 

14. Half Cell Potential (হাফ সেল পোটেনশিয়াল)

Measures the likelihood of corrosion in reinforced concrete.


Purpose: Identifies areas where steel reinforcement may be corroding, ensuring maintenance and durability.